The participants were aged 45 to 65 years at the 1987 to 1989 baseline examination, and were free from CHD. The presence of HF was defined as hospitalization and discharge diagnosis for HF.

• 该研究的对象在1987-1989基线检查时的年龄是45-65岁，无冠心病。心衰的定义为入院和出院诊断为心衰者。