The most common mal- formations were long bone malformations(80%),absence of carpal or metacarpal or tarsal or metatarsal or digits(80%),malformation of compages thoracis(80%),vertebrae malformations(75%)and spinal bifida(65%).

• 维甲酸组有18只(90%25)胎鼠可见明显的全身骨骼畸形,最常见的畸形分别是长骨畸形(80%25)、腕掌跗跖骨缺如(80%25)、胸廓外形异常(80%25)、椎体畸形(75%25)、骨盆畸形(70)和脊椎裂(65%25)。