The initial condition is one of an absolute ruler who can confiscate any assets his subjects may own or any future income but, because policing and monitoring costs are positive, the ruler stands to gain by exchanging with his subjects.

• 初始的状况是一个完全的统治者，它能够没收他的臣民所拥有的任何财产和未来的收入，但是由于监管和维持治安的费用很高，统治者就决定通过与臣民交易来获益。