The induced gynogenetic haploids of rape were similar to the mother plant in shape,but usually smaller. Their leaves and flowers were also smaller.

• 油菜的孤雌单倍体一般形似母本,但体形较小、叶片和花朵也较小、雄蕊能育性低、早期花朵多数败育、叶片表皮的气孔较小、气孔保卫细胞里的叶绿粒较少、体细胞的染色体数为19。