The inclinometer probe (IP), in place inclinometer (IPI), pipe strain gage and the more recently developed time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique have been used as tools to monitor ground movement.

• 现今常用的地中滑动监测仪器有插入型倾斜仪、定置型倾斜仪、管式应变计和新发展的时域反射法(TDR)监测技术。