The imperial powers certainly generated a lot of institutional variety, sprinkling Spanish vassalage, British indirect rule and American paternalism across the globe.

• 毫无疑问，帝国主义列强会孕育出各种不同的体制，如松散的西班牙附庸制，大英帝国联邦制以及旨在控制全球的美国霸权制。