The head and vertebras were defined as high stiffness material, the disks and the muscles as viscous-elastic material, and the ligaments and the facet joints as elastic material.

• 模型中各组织的材料特性参数由文献研究获得，其中头骨和椎骨定义为刚性材料，椎间盘和肌肉定义为粘弹性材料，韧带、小关节和软骨定义为弹性材料。