The great bulk of agency decisions are made through informal action, or through public proceedings like notice-and-comment rulemaking where ex parte contacts may be not just permissible but affirmatively desirable.

• 大量的行政机关裁决是通过非正式行动或通过诸如通知和评论规则制定的公开程序而作出的，其间，单方面接触不仅是可允许的，而且还肯定是理想的。