The first problem of tunneling in permafrost area is how to excavate and how to lining at the same time,because the needed temperature for construction of liner is different from that of excavation.

• 多年冻土隧道工程首先遇到的问题是如何解决开挖与衬砌的矛盾,因为开挖作业与衬砌施工所需的温度场不同,隧道开挖需要较低的温度场以利于无支护毛洞的稳定,而衬砌施工需要较高的温度场以利于混凝土强度的增长。