The etiopathology on PAVMs was general regarded with the relation of pulmonary circulation hemodynamics, absence of hepatic factor or hepatic vein and hypoxia.

• 双向上腔静脉肺动脉吻合术后低于正常值的动脉血氧饱和度可刺激一些血管生成因子,如血管内皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子的表达增加;