The direct process for (n,p) or (p,n) reaction is treated as a knock-out reaction and calculated by conventional DWBA (distorted wave Born approximation) theory in the zero-range approximation.

• 将(n,p)或(p,n)反应的直接过程看成是一种敲出反应并用通常的在零程近似下的DWBA理论进行计算。