The danger of foreign domination was imminent, yet every Italian ruler was prepared to invoke the aid of any foreign power, even the Turk, in any dispute with any other Italian ruler.

• 外族入侵为王，已迫眉睫，而邦国之君不以为意。遇有与外邦龃龉之事，竟愿意向外国借兵，甚至向异教之士土耳其人借兵，以为己助。