The cations with high positive charge and small ionic radii are suitable to forming hard glasses,and those with low oxidation state and large radii are suitable to forming soft glasses.

• 具有高正电荷，小离子半径的阳离子适合形成硬质玻璃，而那些低氧化态、大离子半径的阳离子则适合于形成软质玻璃。