The attosecond X-ray pulses strong field electronic dynamics of both bound and continuum electrons can be characterized by measuring the high energy photoelectron spectra yielded by recollision.

• 通过测量碰撞复合过程中的高能电子的辐射谱可以重构阿秒X光脉冲以及探测强场下束缚态和连续态电子动力学。