The UPA is led by the Congress party, which dominated Indian politics for a long time before a decline, while the NDA is led by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

• 团结进步联盟由国大党领导，此前一直在印度政治事物中占统治地位，而全国民主联盟则由印度民族主义者印度人民党（BJP）领导。