Such a long duration of the war and its complexity forced the Kuomintang to make institutional shiftings in the politics, economy, culture and society.

• 抗战的长期性和复杂性，迫使国民党省政当局采取各种措施，建立战时政治、经济、文化和社会机制，一方面有利于增强抗战实力，维持国计民生支持抗战，另方面因存在许多缺陷，制约了动员人力和物力的效能。