Sometimes their judgment is subjective, as is the case with football refereeing. At other times, they must follow an objective procedure such as measuring the length of a long jump.

• 国际奥委会主席是最高官员，成百上千的管理人员和裁判直接参与运动会的运作。这些人负责监察、督促、测量和记录运动员及他们在比赛中的成绩。