S, and Europe have held down the prices of gas and other refined products, at the cost of taking a hit to their margins, as the quarterly earnings results from Exxon Mobil and Chevron bear witness.

• 美国和欧洲地区的炼油厂不惜以利润受损为代价，降低了天然气和其他成品油的价格，埃克森美孚公司和雪佛龙公司的季度业绩数据可以印证这一点。