Resistant hypertension is almost always multifactorial in etiology and complicated by multiple other cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity,diabetes,chronic kidney disease and sleep apnea.

• 顽固性高血压常有多种病因且并存其他多种心血管危险因素如肥胖、糖尿病、慢性肾损害和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。