Passive gaits with arm phasing opposite to normal were also found, but these induced a much greater reaction moment from the ground, which could require muscular effort in humans.

• 研究人员测量不同摆臂方式所需的能量，即新陈代谢率和肩部运动所需力量。结果显示，无论何种摆臂方式只需少量肩部运动，但各自能量消耗差别较大。