PVDF/HFP-based porous membranes were covered on one side with silica particles that were brought to the surface of the membrane by the casting solvent during preparation.

• HFP多孔薄膜的其中一面覆盖著许多可能在成膜过程中因溶剂挥发而被带至表面的二氧化矽（silica）粒子，另一面则较少。