Others are implemented as software packages that filter the packets in application-layer processes, an inefficient approach that requires multiple data copies, expensive delays and context switches, and delivers lower throughput.

• 其它则是按软件包实现的，这些软件包在应用层程序中对包进行过滤，这是一种效率不高的方法，需要多个数据拷贝、代价高的延迟和上下开关以及提供低吞吐量。