Oral bioavailability of ICS such as fluticasone, ciclesonide and mometasone is minimal, as a result of their essentially complete first-pass metabolism in the liver.

• ICS（如氟替卡松、环索奈德和莫美他松）的口服生物利用度最小，因为这些药物主要经过肝脏的首过代谢消除。