Old ideas of curriculum implementation regarded curriculum as the institutional text prescribed by national educational administration sector, which was coercive and canonical. Teachers should implemented them step by step undoubtedly.

• 旧的课程实施观把课程看作由国家教育行政部门制定的制度性文本,具有强制执行性和无须研究的规范性,教师只需按部就搬地遵照执行就可以了。