Methods: rouleaux and cleaned blood by PBS were observed by microscope, and measured this relative permittivity at low frequency by using bioimpedance technique.

• 方法：利用光学显微镜观察了叠连状态和磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）洗后分离状态的红细胞，并利用生物阻抗技术测量了两种状态下的介电常数。