Methods Subchondral drilling on the anterior slope of condyle and posterior slope of eminence were performed on 12 rhesus monkeys (24 joints) by arthroscope.

• 材料经关节镜对12只猕猴双侧关节上下腔进行关节面钻孔术，造成骨软骨缺损模型，对其缺损位置进行定位和记录。