Mean (SD) healthcare costs and QALY gain were [pounds]474 (840) and 0.99 (0.27) for indiidual physiotherapy, [pounds]379 (1040) and 0.90 (0.37) for spinal stabilization, and [pounds]165 (202) and 1.00 (0.28) for pain management.

• 三组的健康护理费用和QALY的均数分别为：通用门诊物理疗法组为474(840)磅和0.；99(0