METHODS: The maximum theoretic deviation were calculated with the distance from the occlusal table to the top of the fixture, based on the dental template which was 4mm in thickness and the 2.3mm access hole diameter.

• 方法:确定种植手术导板的厚度为4mm；孔径为2.；3mm；计算其最大理论偏差; 并根据从种植义齿(牙合)面到种植体顶端的距离；求得最大理论偏差。