METHODS: After obtaining ethical approval and written informed consent, 25 postoperative patients were asked to quantify their level of pain on a numeric rating scale (NRS, 0-10) at different time points in the recovery room.

• 方法：在获得伦理批准及知情同意后，恢复室中25名术后患者被要求在数值评分量表（NRS,0-10)上量化他们各时间点的疼痛程度。