METHODS Bacteria or pathogens were isolated from the samples using a sterilized cotton swab on the whole hand before hand washing or hand disinfection,and drug sensitivity test was performed.

• 方法在医护人员消毒洗手前,以灭菌棉拭子涂抹双侧全手掌采样,增菌培养并对分离到的病原菌或条件致病菌做药物敏感性试验。