Lucent Technologies unveiled its Inferno technology in 1997, IBM has an endeavor called T Spaces, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory has a technology called Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM).

• 朗讯公司在1997年发布了它的inferno技术。IBM也有一个叫T Spaces的研究项目，而（美国）橡树岭国家实验室的技术称作并行虚拟机（PVM）。