Liddington of the Burnham Institute in La Jolla, Calif., and his colleagues in several laboratories published the three-dimensional structure of the part of lethal factor that acts on MAPKK molecules.

• 2001年11月，加州拉荷雅市伯恩翰研究所的利丁顿与其他实验室的人员，合作发表致命因子对MAPKK分子作用区域的立体结构。