Keywords brain ischemia;spinal cord ischemia;preconditioning;ischemic postconditioning;acute normovolemic hemodilution;brain protection;Shenfu injection;local anesthetics;neurotoxicity;

• 脑缺血;脊髓缺血;预处理;缺血后处理;急性等容血液稀释;脑保护;参附注射液;局麻药;神经毒性;