It is similar between CHN and Balkan Emdemic Nephropathy(BEN) induced by flour containing A. dematins on clinical and pathological grounds, and its incidence standardized by age is higher in female than that in male.

• 据报道，含铁线莲状马兜铃的面粉可引起巴尔干肾病(Balkan Emdemic Nephropathy，BEN)，其临床表现和病理改变与CHN极为相似，该病年龄标化发病率女性高于男性。