It is concluded that concrete suffers from cracking and spalling after freeze-thaw cy des under severe environmental condition due to the loose structure and poor impermeability.

• 故推断此道肩混凝土由于内部粘结疏松、密实性和抗冻性较差，在北方严酷环境作用下，混凝土发生冻融破坏而产生了膨胀开裂和剥落。