It also spread by using needles that has been contaminated but not strictly disinfected to conduct tattoo, ear-penetration and acupuncture, or sharing razor and toothbrush with ADIS patients and HIV carriers.

• 也可以通过使用受污染而又未经严格消毒的针器纹身、穿耳、针灸、与患者和感染者共用剃须刀、牙刷等传播。