Irreversibility of three basic-type flow heat exchangers of counter-flow,cocounter-flow and cross-flow was discussed on the basis of the Second Law.

• 以热力学第二定律为基础讨论了理想的逆流、并流和错流型换热器的不可逆损失,并且提出采用熵产效率评价换热器的不可逆程度。