In the higher plant, betaine is synthesized by the choline monooxygenase (CMO ) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH ).

• 在一些高等植物中甜菜碱的合成由胆碱单氧化酶(CMO)和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)催化合成。