In the accretion disks in binary systems or at the centers of galaxies, particle collisions would produce an inflow of mass that is too small by many orders of magnitude to produce the brilliant luminosity of these disks.

• 在双星系统或星系中心的吸积盘中，粒子的碰撞只会引起很少的质量向内流动，距离要产生可达到这些圆盘的耀眼亮度，还差了许多个数量级。