In some pathologic conditions (e.g., cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis), CVP may be so high that A and V waves are above the angle of the jaw.

• 有些病理情况（如心脏填塞、缩窄性心包炎）的中心静脉压可以升得很高，以致A波和V波都可高出颌角。