In receat years, with the developmellt of IC card technology, contactless IC cardlaPpeared and has been aPPlied to highWay charge and management, public ndc feecollection, automatic gate mangemen and material flow managemeni.

• 随着IC卡技术的发展，感应式非接触IC卡出现了。 近年来，人们已经成功地将非接触IC卡应用到高速公路收费管理，公交收费，自动门禁管理，物流管理中。