In non-extended systems such as complex isolated molecules, it is known as [[vibronic coupling]] which is important in the case of [[avoided crossing]] or [[conical intersection]].

• 在复杂孤立分子等非广延体系里，这被称为[[振动耦合|电子振动耦合]]，它在[[避免交叉|交叉避免]]或[[圆锥相交|锥形交截面]]情况下尤为重要。