In many parts of these provinces trade unions and peasant associations were formed on a wide scale,and many economic and political struggles were waged by the working class and the peasantry against the landlord class and the bourgeoisie.

• 这些省份的许多地方，曾经有过很广大的工会和农民协会的组织，有过工农阶级对地主豪绅阶级和资产阶级的许多经济的政治的斗争。