In The Philosophy of Art,Taine does profound study on the national nature of the literature. He believes the various peoples carry their unique qualities as being a member in the literary world,just like the orange and birch trees in nature.

• 丹纳在其《艺术哲学》中深入地研究了文学的民族特性 ,认为各民族的文学以其特有的个性置身于世界文学之林 ,就像自然界有桔树、桦树一样自然。