In The History of Insanity in the Age of Reason , through a reading of Descartes, Foucault established reason and madness as a binary opposition.

• 福柯在其著作《古典时代的疯癫史》中 ,通过解读笛卡儿的一段论述 ,将理性与疯癫对立起来 ,认为理性排斥了疯癫。