In 1998 Vedyayev and cooperators calculated giant-magnetoresistance of multi-layer sandwich structure and spin-valve structure by using the linear response Kubo formula and Green function technology.

• 1998年Vedyayev等人运用这个线性响应的Kubo公式和格林函数技术计算了多层膜三明治结构和自旋阀结构的巨磁电阻。