However, there exit three key problems in their applications, which are power density, EMC, and cost.

• 但是双向DC-DC功率变换器要在电动汽车、航天等许多应用场合获得实际应用仍面临三大问题，即双向DC-DC功率变换器的功率密度、电磁兼容性和成本问题。