Hilly city is formed by the coupling mechanism between human action and physical action in hilly area, and it is a kind of special nature-economy-society three-dimensional ecosystem that has a lot of contradictions between mankind and mountain.

• 山地城市是山地人文过程与山地自然过程的时空耦合,是一个特殊的自然-经济-社会复合立体生态系统,是人类与山地矛盾最突出的地方。