He holds a Master of Public Health degree from the University of Dundee, Scotland and doctorates in medicine (University of Navarre, Spain) and biostatistics and epidemiology (University of Massachusetts).

• 他拥有苏格兰邓迪大学的公共健康硕士学位、西班牙纳瓦拉大学的医学博士学位、马萨诸塞大学的生物统计学和流行病学博士学位。