Han Learning represented more than just an antiquarian quest.Its advocates cast doubt on the Confucian ideology enshrined by Manchu rulers when they legitimated imperial power.

• 推崇汉代学术所代表的意义远远超过嗜古者的内容，它向因为皇权辩护而受到满洲统治者崇尚的儒家意识形态提出质疑。